Cost and cost‐effectiveness of immunotherapy in childhood ALL: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Survival rates for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pALL) have improved dramatically; relapsed/refractory (r/r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains challenging. Immunotherapies are rapidly evolving treatments for r/r ALL with limited cost-effectiveness data. This study identifies existing economic evaluations of immunotherapy in pALL and summarizes cost-effectiveness. Medline, Embase, and other databases were searched from inception to October 2022. Cost-effectiveness analyses evaluating immunotherapy in pALL were included. Costs reported in 2021 USD. Of 2960 studies, 11 met inclusion criteria. Tisagenlecleucel was compared to standard of care, clofarabine monotherapy, clofarabine combination therapy, or blinatumomab. No studies have evaluated blinatumomab or inotuzumab ozogamicin. Six studies found tisagenlecleucel to be cost-effective, five of which were supported by Novartis. Four found that it had the potential to be cost-effective, and one found that it was not cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel was highly dependent on list price and cure rates. This study can inform the use of tisagenlecleucel in pALL.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".