Development of Tsunami Frequency-Fatality Numbers ( <i>F-N</i> ) Curve for Coastal Communities Subjected to Cascadia Subduction Earthquakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study derives a tsunami F-N curve for Tofino, British Columbia, subjected to the tsunami threats from the Cascadia subduction megathrust earthquakes. An F-N curve is an exceedance frequency (F) plot in terms of the number of anticipated fatalities (N) and can be used for evaluating the adequacy of current tsunami risk situations, compared with the acceptable risk tolerability limits. To evaluate the tsunami fatality risks for residents and visitors in Tofino, a tsunami catastrophe risk model is developed by integrating stochastic rupture models of the Cascadia subduction events, high-resolution tsunami inundation simulations, and tsunami fatality rate functions. The obtained F-N curves for Tofino intersect with the local scrutiny line set by the UK Health and Safety Executive, indicating that the tsunami risks for Tofino residents and visitors are concerning. Thereby, when effective risk mitigation measures can be implemented, such actions should be pursued.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".