Combined bearing capacity of footings on geogrid-reinforced granular fill over soft clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study investigates the ultimate bearing capacity of obliquely/eccentrically loaded shallow strip foundations resting on a geogrid-reinforced granular fill with limited thickness over a very soft to soft clay layer. To this end, the lower bound theorems of the finite element limit analysis (FELA) and second-order cone programming (SOCP) are effectively exploited to simulate the underlying clay deposit, geogrid layer, and granular fill along with the inclined/eccentric loading exerted on the overlying footing. The accuracy of the adopted formulations is rigorously examined through several comparisons with the results of a well-established analytical approach in the literature. A comprehensive parametric study is then conducted to properly examine the influences of the geosynthetic layer characteristics and soft clay properties on the overall bearing capacity and failure envelope of the strip footing subjected to wide ranges of inclined and eccentric loadings. The results show that placement of a geogrid-reinforced granular fill layer over the soft clayey soil significantly increases the bearing capacity of the shallow foundation. The ultimate tensile strength of the reinforcement layer and the cohesion of the underlying very soft to soft clay deposit are also observed to have considerable effects on the size of failure envelopes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".