Spiritual Beliefs and Risk Aversion Behavior: Evidence from Chinese Numerology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cultural beliefs play an important crucial role in shaping individuals’ decision-making and behavior. This study uses data from the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Household Financial Survey to investigate the impact of a specific Chinese spiritual belief, known as the “zodiac year”, on individual risk aversion behavior. The findings reveal a significant correlation between the zodiac year and individuals’ risk attitudes, indicating that people tend to adopt more risk-averse behaviors during their zodiac year. Additionally, we explore the influence of Eastern religions and education on the relationship between the zodiac year and individuals’ risk aversion behavior. The results indicate that Eastern religions amplify the impact of the zodiac year, whereas educational attainment has the potential to mitigate the influence of this superstitious belief. This study contributes to the growing body of literature examining the influence of spiritual beliefs on individual economic behavior, providing empirical support for the hypothesis that spiritual beliefs can shape individuals’ risk aversion behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".