Mechanism for conversion between twist and writhe of DNA based on chiral gauge potential
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known that the linking number is the sum of the writhing number and twisting number based on white’s formula. In this work, we reveal the underlying physics of the transformation between the twist and the writhe of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the framework of the Landau model, we describe the local interaction between the base pairs by using the chiral gauge potential. With the chiral gauge potential, we develop a geometrical model where the free energy density is given by the geometrical parameters, including the normal curvature, the geodesic curvature, and the geodesic torsion. It is shown that the chiral gauge potential plays a crucial role in the conversion between the twist and the writhe of DNA. By using the invariance of the self-linking number, we find that when the total twisting number is changed by −Δ Q, the writhing number is changed by Δ Q. Our findings not only deepen the understanding of the topological nature of DNA, but also provide a physical model for the research of the conformation of DNA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".