Dark photons from charged pion bremsstrahlung at proton beam experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production and subsequent rescattering of secondary pions produced in proton beam dumps provide additional opportunities for the production of light new particles such as dark photons. This new mechanism has been overlooked in the past but can extend the mass reach of the SpinQuest experiment and its proposed DarkQuest upgrade. We use chiral perturbation theory to calculate the production of kinetically mixed dark photons through bremsstrahlung off secondary charged pions. We find that the reach of SpinQuest/DarkQuest can be pushed further into the multi-GeV mass range compared to estimates based only on primary dark photon production through meson decay or proton bremsstrahlung. Our analysis can be regarded as the first of several steps to include secondary pion contributions. In an upcoming analysis we will extend our calculation into the high-momentum-transfer regime through the use of pion parton distribution functions and including hadronic resonances, which will further increase the estimated mass reach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".