A BiLSTM Combining WRELM-Based Method For Online TCP State Prediction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Round-trip time (RTT) and throughput are two of the most important parameters that in networks with transmission control protocol (TCP). Deep learning-based time-series forecasting methods such as long-short term memory (LSTM) have recently been widely applied in TCP state prediction due to their strong pattern recognition and accurate prediction ability. However, the practical network environment can be dynamic and may deviate from the situations in which the deep model has been trained, resulting in deteriorated predictions. Furthermore, online retraining of the deep model to adapt to current working environment is usually unfeasible due to the nature of heavy computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a method which can online rectify the TCP predictions with a very small computational overhead (time consumption) by combining Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) with the weighted regularized extreme learning machine (WRELM). Experiments show that the proposed method can greatly increase the online prediction accuracy of TCP states especially when the knowledge of the trained deep model diverges from the conditions of its original working environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".