Spatializing Nationalism and Religion: The Production of Sinhala-Buddhist Imagination and the Centrality of Anuradhapura
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anuradhapura, the most ancient and revered Buddhist city in Sri Lanka, underwent a major transformation at the turn of the 20th century. By analyzing the complex interplay of nationalism, religion, and colonialism, and paying special attention to local agency, this article examines how the local leaders of the Buddhist revival movement brought the ancient city into the center of the Sinhala-Buddhist universe. They struggled against the colonial archeologization and museumization of Anuradhapura, especially where highly significant Buddhist monuments are located, and to eliminate non-Buddhist activities from the sacred city. Simultaneously, they fought against the continuing dominance of the Buddhist order established in the last native kingdom (Kandy-based Up-Country) which fell in 1815. Combined with the rise of the Low-Country elite, the restructuring of Ceylon that followed displaced both Kandy and the colonial capital of Colombo, making them find accommodation in the new Sinhala-Buddhist spatiality defined by Anuradhapura’s centrality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".