Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter examines how, between 1841 and 1843, Edward Sabine and Robert Were Fox collaborated to transform the British Magnetic Scheme into a truly global scientific experiment. Specifically, they worked to turn the collection of magnetic data from around the world into a system of synchronized measurement. This took place through a series of new expeditions, building on the success of James Clark Ross’s 1839–43 Antarctic voyage. Yet the results from this were mixed. While voyages to the Caribbean and Americas went well, the 1841 Niger Expedition was a disaster, with tropical disease ravishing the crew and forcing the venture’s speedy termination. Likewise, Henry Lefroy’s attempt to use Fox dipping needles to measure magnetic phenomena overland, across Canada, showed the limitations of this instrument. Throughout these trials, Fox busied himself in Falmouth, working to regulate and improve his dipping needles. For all that Fox and Sabine conceived of the British Magnetic Scheme as a systematized scientific project, such work on a global scale was, as this chapter demonstrates, immensely capricious.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".