Pumping‐induced Well Hydraulics and Groundwater Budget in a Leaky Aquifer System with Vertical Heterogeneity in Aquitard Hydraulic Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In groundwater hydrology, aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers, despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation. A semi‐analytical solution is derived for pumping‐induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity ( K ) and specific storage ( S s ). The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub‐layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or S s . Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored: one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or S s values, a common field‐scale occurrence; another is an exponentially depth‐decaying aquitard S s , a regional‐scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis. Analytical investigations reveal that a low‐ K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion; a high‐ S s interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion. Locations of low‐ K or high‐ S s interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget. In the context of an exponentially depth‐decaying aquitard S s , a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown. When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard, half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth‐decaying aquitard S s should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".