PIP <sub>2</sub> ‐Regulation of Endothelial K <sub>IR</sub> 2.1 Channels in Cerebral Arteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the cerebral circulation, inwardly rectifying potassium (K IR ) channels are robustly expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This pattern of expression is unusual for vascular cells that are electrically coupled and it suggests that each pool is differentially regulated driving a distinct subset of physiological responses. In this context, this study characterized the electrical/molecular properties of K IR 2.x channels in cerebral arteries and ascertained the importance of phosphatidylinositol‐bis‐phosphate (PIP 2 ), a regulatory phospholipid, in modulating each channel pool. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated from rat cerebral arteries; patch clamp electrophysiology and Q‐PCR were used to ascertain K IR activity and expression, respectively. Our electrophysiological results highlight that a Ba 2+ ‐sensitive K IR current is present and stable in both cell types. Endothelial current density was ~8 fold greater than smooth muscle (−20 vs −2.5 pA/pF at −100mV) and Q‐PCR revealed that K IR 2.x mRNA subunits were present in both cell types, albeit it at variable levels. Intriguingly, K IR channels in endothelial but not smooth muscle cells were PIP 2 sensitive; neomycin impaired, and exogenous PIP 2 elevated channel activity. In summary, our observations indicate that while endothelial and smooth muscle both expressed K IR channels, they are uniquely regulated by PIP 2 . A complete picture of the expression/regulation of K IR channels within the vascular wall will provide further advances in our understanding of their role in cerebral blood flow control in health and disease. Support or Funding Information Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".