Circulating Progenitor Cell Quantity and Colony‐Forming Capacity in Lean and Obese Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low‐grade inflammation and decreased tissue repair capacity. Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) are a heterogeneous cell population involved in tissue repair, and include hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are precursors to all mature hematopoietic cells. Rodent models have shown that acute inflammatory stimuli induce myeloid differentiation of HSPCs via Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. However, the effects of a chronic inflammatory condition, like obesity, on CPC content and differentiation has not been previously examined in humans. The purpose of the present cross‐sectional study was to compare the quantity of various CPC populations, HSPCs expressing TLR4, and HSPC colony forming unit (CFU) capacity between obese (OB) and healthy weight (HW) adults. Participants were divided into HW (n=19) or OB (n=15) based on body mass index. Blood was collected for quantification of the following CPC populations: CPCs (CD34 + ), hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs: CD34 + /CD45 dim ), HSPCs expressing TLR4 (TLR4 + HSPCs: CD34 + /CD45 dim /TLR4 + ), bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs: CD45 − /CD34 + /CD31 − /CD105 + , adipose‐derived MSCs (AT‐MSCs;CD45 − /CD34 + ,CD31 − /CD105 + ), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs: CD45 − /CD34 + /CD31 + ), endothelial cells (ECs; CD34 + /CD31 − ), common myeloid progenitors (CMPs: Lineage − /CD34 + /CD38 + /CD123 low /CD45RA − ), and common lymphoid progenitors (CLP: Lineage − /CD34 + /CD38 + /CD10 + ) by flow cytometry. Granulocyte (CFU‐G), macrophage (CFU‐M), and mixed (CFU‐GM) colony forming capacity was also evaluated. HSPCs expressing TLR4 were lower (P<0.05) in the OB group compared to HW. Granulocyte, macrophage, and granulocyte‐macrophage colonies were greater (P<0.05) in the OB group compared to HW. Adipose tissue derived MSCs in the OB group trended to be lower (P=0.12) compared to HW. There were no differences between groups in the other cell populations analyzed. Here we show that HSPCs from OB have increased myeloid lineage CFU capacity. Enhanced myeloid CFU could have been due to increased differentiation of TLR4 + HSPCs leading to an overall decrease in TLR4 + HSPC quantity. Together, these data indicate that obesity is associated with increased myeloid differentiation of HSPCs, perhaps via differentiation of TLR4 + HSPCs, which likely exacerbates the chronic inflammation observed in obesity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".