Effect of Maternal Antioxidant MitoQ Treatment on Offspring Cardiovascular Function in a Rat Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction A suboptimal environment in fetal life is linked to cardiovascular disease in adult life. Maternal hypoxia can lead to placental oxidative stress, which is associated with abnormal cardiovascular function in the offspring. We hypothesize that maternal treatment with MitoQ, a mitochondrial antioxidant, may prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. Methods Pregnant rats were injected with either MitoQ loaded nanoparticles (nMitoQ; 125 μM‐nanoparticles prevent MitoQ from crossing to the fetus) or saline via tail vein on gestational day (GD) 15. Rats then were subdivided into two groups exposed to either hypoxia (11% O 2 ) or normoxia (21% O 2 ) from GD 15–21 (term; 22 days). At 7 months of age, blood pressure (tail‐cuff plethysmography), in vivo cardiac function (echocardiography) and ex vivo cardiac susceptibility to ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury were assessed in both male and female offspring. A 2‐way ANOVA was used for analyses. Results Hypoxia led to diastolic dysfunction in male offspring (P<0.05) and tended to cause diastolic dysfunction in female offspring (P=0.07). nMitoQ treatment improved diastolic function in only female offspring in both normoxic and hypoxic groups [mitral valve E wave velocity/A wave velocity (MV E/A): normoxia + saline: 1.52±0.10 vs. normoxia + nMitoQ: 1.23±0.09 and hypoxia + saline: 2.18±0.40 vs. hypoxia + nMitoQ: 1.29±0.08, P<0.01]. In male offspring only, hypoxia reduced the pulmonary valve peak velocity (PV Peak Vel) and nMitoQ treatment ameliorated this effect (PV Peak Vel: hypoxia + saline 620±28 mmHg vs. hypoxia + nMitoQ 781±53 mmHg, P<0.05). Neither hypoxia nor nMitoQ altered blood pressure and cardiac susceptibility to I/R injury. Conclusion nMitoQ treatment in mid gestation restored PV Peak Vel in hypoxic male offspring. In female offspring, maternal treatment with nMitoQ improved diastolic function in both normoxic and hypoxic animals. This study suggests that maternal/placental treatment can alter cardiovascular function of offspring later in life. Support or Funding Information CIHR, WCHRI, SCHF and RAHF
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".