Effects of Maternal High Folate and Low Vitamin B <sub>12</sub> on DNA Methylation in Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic determinant in gene expression, with potential consequent effects on disease susceptibility. During embryogenesis, new DNA methylation patterns of the fetus are established, which renders this period highly susceptible to environmental modifiers. Maternal dietary intake of folate and vitamin B 12 has the potential to modulate DNA methylation via the provision of S‐adenosylmethionine. Maternal high folate and low B 12 status has been linked to an increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring. Using a cohort from the PREnatal FOlic acid exposuRe on DNA Methylation in the newborn infant (PREFORM) study (n=291 mother‐child pairs), global (total 5‐methylcytosine [5mC] content) and gene‐specific DNA methylation in cord blood mononuclear cells between newborn infants born to mothers with high RBC folate (>2860 nmol/L) and low B 12 (<167 pmol/L) concentrations and controls born to mothers with lower RBC folate (<2860 nmol/L) and higher B 12 (>167 pmol/L) concentrations were investigated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS‐MS) and Illumina CpG methylation microarray, respectively. Infants from ‘high folate/low B 12 ’ mothers had 6.2% lower 5mC content than infants from ‘moderate folate/marginal to adequate B 12 ’ mothers (5.16±0.277 % vs. 5.50±0.411 %; p=0.0069). Furthermore, infants from ‘high folate/low B 12 ’ mothers were 9% heavier than infants from ‘moderate folate/marginal to adequate B 12 ’ mothers (3697±455 g vs. 3393±S451 g; p=0.001). These data suggest that maternal folate and B 12 status can influence global DNA methylation in the developing fetus and can potentially induce phenotypic changes in the newborn infant. Studies are underway to determine gene‐specific DNA methylation changes in cord blood mononuclear cells associated with maternal folate and B 12 status and their functional ramifications. Support or Funding Information Funded by: CIHR (MOP# 106446)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".