Administration of Prostacyclin Mediates Cutaneous Vasodilation but not Sweating in Young and Older Females: Roles for Nitric oxide and KCa channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our recent report indicated that although prostacyclin does not mediate sweating in young and older males, it does modulate cutaneous vasodilation in both groups to a similar extent (Fujii et al. J Physiol 594 (21), 6419–6429, 2016). The same study also suggested that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and calcium‐activated potassium (K Ca ) channels contribute to the prostacyclin‐induced cutaneous vasodilation in young males but, these contributions are diminished in older males. In our current study, we sought to evaluate whether the same responses are observed in young and older females. In young (25±4 years) and older (60±6 years) females (10 per group), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were evaluated at four intradermal forearm skin sites: 1) Control, 2) 10 mM L‐NNA, a non‐specific NOS inhibitor, 3) 50 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA), a non‐specific K Ca channel blocker, and 4) 10 mM L‐NNA + 50 mM TEA. All fours sites were co‐administered with prostacyclin in an incremental manner (0.04, 0.4, 4, 40, 400 μM each for 25 min). Our results demonstrated that both NOS and/or K Ca channels contribute to prostacyclin‐induced cutaneous vasodilation for young and older females. This is based on our observations that the increased CVC due to prostacyclin administration was attenuated by TEA (0.4 μM) and a combination of L‐NNA and TEA (at all concentrations tested) in young females. Additionally, in older females the increased CVC due to prostacyclin administration was also reduced by separate administration of either L‐NNA or TEA (0.04–4 μM), and a combination of both agents (0.04–40 μM) (all P ≤0.05). Surprisingly, increases in CVC in response to 0.04–4 μM prostacyclin were greater in older relative to young females (all P ≤0.05), and these age‐related differences were diminished when both L‐NNA and TEA were simultaneously administered (all P >0.05). No effect on sweat rate was observed in either group (all concentrations, P >0.05). We conclude that while prostacyclin does not mediate sweating, it modulates cutaneous vasodilation to a greater extent in older relative to young females. Wherein, this modulation is likely due to NOS‐ and KCa channel‐dependent mechanisms. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery grant, RGPIN‐06313‐2014; Discovery Grants Program ‐ Accelerator Supplement, RGPAS‐462252‐2014). Funds held by Dr. Glen P. Kenny.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".