Maternal Hyperandrogenemia Causes Increased MAP and Proteinuria in Male Rat Offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 6–10 % of women, and is associated with hyperandrogenemia, oligo/anovulation and polycystic ovaries. Many women with PCOS have difficulty getting pregnant, and thus this population often opts for in vitro fertilization. However, the offspring of PCOS women are predisposed to lower birth weight, metabolic disorders during childhood, and an increased risk for the daughters to develop PCOS. However, the mechanisms by which the offspring of women with PCOS develop negative health outcomes are unknown. Therefore, these studies tested the hypotheses that females of PCOS model in rats would develop symptoms of PCOS and the males would develop other cardiovascular symptoms such as elevated blood pressure. Female (F) and male (M) offspring of control (C) and PCOS (P) dams (SD; DHT 7.5mg/90d) were divided into groups: F‐C, F‐P, M‐C and M‐P. At postnatal day 2, 7, 15 and 21 there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight in both F‐P and M‐P, compared to F‐C and M‐C, respectively. This trend reversed by week 17 with F‐P and M‐P have lower body weights (p<0.05) compared with F‐C and M‐C, respectively. Proteinuria, measured at week 24, was similar in F‐P vs. F‐C (p=NS), but was significantly higher in M‐P than M‐C (18.8±4.1 vs. 48.5±14.1 mg/d, p<0.05). Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP, telemetry) was tended to be higher in F‐P vs. F‐C (F‐C= 109±5 mmHg vs. F‐P= 118±3 mmHg; p=NS). However, in males, MAP was significantly higher in M‐P than M‐C (M‐C= 113±2 mmHg vs. M‐P= 121±3 mmHg; p<0.05). To test whether exposure to hyperandrogenemia in utero would cause an exaggerated response to Angiotensin II (Ang II), male and female offspring were treated with enalapril (7d; drinking water; 250 mg/l) for 5 days, and then Ang II (150 mg/kg/d, sc minipump, 7 days). MAP decreased with enalapril similarly in F‐C and F‐P, and in M‐C and M‐P, and were similar among the groups (F‐C: −18÷4; F‐P: −22±5; M‐C: −16±1; M‐P: −18±1 mm Hg; p=NS for all groups), and maintained the difference in MAP in females, but not males. ANG II infusion increased MAP to similar levels in males and females: F‐C: 162±9; F‐P: 160±7 mm Hg (p=NS); M‐C: 162±6; M‐P: 171±1 mm Hg (p=NS). Thus male offspring of PCOS dams have an increase in MAP and more proteinuria, but similar responses to Ang II compared to controls. Female offspring do not develop a PCOS phenotype. Future studies will be necessary to determine exact mechanisms responsible for increase in blood pressure and renal injury. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH‐R01HL66072, PO1HL51971 (JFR), 14POST18640015 (ROM).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".