Does Type 2 Diabetes Modulate Peripheral Cutaneous Vascular Function?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairments in cutaneous vasodilation during heat stress (Holowatz et al. Am J Physiol, 284:1662, 2003) which is exacerbated in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Charkoudian. Mayo Clin Proc, 78:603, 2003). This diabetes‐related modulation of cutaneous vasodilation may be due to attenuated peripheral sensitivity of skin vessels to receptor activation, though this has never been directly investigated. Thus, in this preliminary study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the modulation of cutaneous vasodilation in response to activation of the following receptors: cholinergic, purinergic, nicotinic and β‐adrenergic. In this preliminary study, seven older adults (59±9 years) with well‐controlled T2D (hemoglobin A1c, 7.5% ± 1.0, duration 8±5 years) and seven age‐matched counterparts without T2D (Controls) (61±8 years) participated in the study. Subjects were placed in a semi‐recumbent position in a thermoneutral room (~23 °C) during which time four intradermal microdialysis fibers were implanted on the dorsal side of the left forearm within the dermal layer of the skin. Approximately 90 min after the completion of the fiber insertion, cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, measured as laser‐doppler flowmetry/mean arterial pressure) was then continuously monitored at the four forearm skin sites perfused via intradermal microdialysis with the following receptor agonists in a dose dependent manner: 1) methacholine (cholinergic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 0.0125, 0.25, 5, 100, 2000 mM), 2) ATP (purinergic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 300 mM), 3) nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 1.2, 3.6, 11, 33, 100 mM), and 4) isoproterenol (β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, 3 doses: 1, 10, 100 μM). Increased CVC in response to all doses of methacholine administration were similar between groups (all P ≥ 0.15). Further, observed increases in CVC resulting from the five dose dependent infusion of ATP were similar in both Controls and T2D (all P ≥ 0.51), as was the case in all five doses of nicotine infusion (all P ≥ 0.32). Finally, similar increases in CVC were observed in both groups following the infusion of all three doses of isoproterenol (all P ≥ 0.20). Our preliminary findings show no attenuations in the sensitivity of the examined cholinergic and non‐cholinergic receptors in older adults with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes. Support or Funding Information Funding support provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant no. 286363, funds held by Dr. Glen P. Kenny).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".