Does maternal omega‐3 supplementation have beneficial effect on control of breathing in rat pups?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM Preterm infants present respiratory instabilities and apneas owing to immaturity of the neural circuits that control breathing. Immaturity of respiratory reflexes such as the hypoxic ventilator response (HVR) and laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) contribute to respiratory disorders in newborn. Fatty acids omega‐3 (Ω‐3) benefits brain development in several ways, including a reduction of neural inflammation. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that Ω‐3 supplementation (via maternal diet) improves respiratory control in rat pups. METHODS Experiments were performed on male and female pups (10–11 days old). Pups received Ω‐3 supplementation from an enriched maternal diet (13g/kg of Ω‐3) from birth to day 10–11. Mothers of control pups received a standard diet (3g/kg of Ω‐3) Whole body plethysmography was performed on intact, unanesthetized pups to measure breathing and metabolic responses at rest and during hypoxia (12% O 2 ; 20min). To evaluate performance of chemoreflexes without the confounding effect of a metabolic response, we also compared the duration of LCR‐induced apneas in anesthetized pups. Immunolabeling (Iba‐1) of microglial cells was used to evaluate the effect of Ω‐3 supplementation on capacity for neuroinflammation in the brainstem. RESULTS By comparison with controls, maternal Ω‐3 supplementation effectively raised Ω‐3 levels in the blood and brainstem. In awake pups, Ω‐3 increases the apnea index and metabolic rate, especially in females. Both males and females increase the HVR compared to their controls and decrease the drop in body temperature during hypoxia. In anestethized pups, Ω‐3 reduced 32% the apnea duration elicited by LCR stimulation. Finally, the number of microglia cells in caudal NTS was lower in Ω‐3‐supplemented pups. CONCLUSION Ω‐3 supplementation generally improves reflexives ventilatory and metabolic responses. However, the higher apnea frequency observed at rest suggests that the effects of Ω‐3 are not homogeneous. The reduced capacity for neuroinflammation (as indicated by the reduced number of microglial cells) may contribute to the beneficial effect of Ω‐3. Support or Funding Information This research was supported by CIHR (RK and IM).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".