Effect of Six Months of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Autonomic Function in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a 6‐month exercise training‐based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on autonomic function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twenty‐two CAD patients (4 women; 62 ± 8 yrs, 172 ± 9 cm, 86 ± 13 kg) were studied prior‐to and following six months of aerobic and resistance training‐based CR. Seventeen healthy aged‐matched controls were also studied (6 women; 60 ± 9 yrs, 169 ± 8 cm, 73 ± 14 kg). We evaluated resting blood pressure (BP; manual sphygmomanometry), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography; CAD, n = 14), heart rate variability (HRV; time‐ and frequency‐domain), and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS; sequence method). At baseline, prior to CR, CAD patients had greater burst frequency (48 ± 8 vs. 36 ± 8 bursts/min; P < 0.01) and burst incidence (81 ± 7 vs. 62 ± 10 bursts/100 heart beats; P < 0.01) in comparison to healthy controls. No differences at baseline between CAD patients and healthy controls were found for resting BP, any index of HRV, or cardiovagal BRS (all P > 0.05). Six months of exercise‐based CR lowered resting mean arterial BP (86 ± 10 to 83 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.05) and systolic BP (122 ± 16 to 116 ± 11 mmHg; P < 0.05) in CAD patients. In CAD patients, CR reduced burst frequency (48 ± 8 to 39 ± 11 bursts/min; P < 0.01; d = 0.95) and burst incidence (81 ± 7 to 66 ± 17 bursts/100 heart beats; P < 0.01; d = 1.32). Also, following CR, and in contrast to pre‐CR, levels of MSNA were not significantly different between CAD and healthy controls for burst frequency ( P = 0.43) and burst incidence ( P = 0.39). No index of HRV (all P > 0.05) or cardiovagal BRS ( P = 0.78) was changed in CAD patients following CR. In conclusion, six months of exercise training‐based CR reduced baseline BP and sympathetic outflow in CAD patients to levels observed in healthy controls. Support or Funding Information Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) Team Grant “Physical Activity, Mobility, and Neural Health” (Grant #217532).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".