Limb specific differences in vasomotion response to varying rates of local heating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined skin blood flow (SkBF) and vasomotion in the forearm and leg using laser‐Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) and spectral analysis to investigate endothelial (0.0095 – 0.021 Hz), sympathetic (0.021 – 0.052 Hz), and myogenic (0.052 – 0.145 Hz) activity in response to slow (0.1°C·10 s −1 ) and fast (0.5°C·10 s −1 ) local heating. Based on previous investigations we hypothesized that both limbs would respond with higher initial and sustained vasodilator activity in response to the fast‐rate of heating. Secondly, we hypothesized that the vasomotion responses would differ between the forearm (greater sympathetic activity) and the leg (greater endothelial activity). At 33°C (thermonuetral) endothelial activity was higher in the legs than the forearms ( P ≤ 0.02). Fast‐heating increased SkBF more than slow heating in both the forearm (169 ± 30 mV vs. 151 ± 28 mV; P = 0.037) and the leg (159 ± 32 mV vs. 130 ± 12 mV; P = 0.002). At onset of 42°C, endothelial activity was increased in both regions during the fast‐heating protocol ( P = 0.009 forearm; P = 0.02 leg). There was greater sympathetic activity observed in the forearm (7.8825 mV 2 /Hz) than the leg (2.5 mV 2 /Hz) during the first 5 min of the fast‐heating ( P = 0.004) protocol. With prolonged heating (42°C for 35 min), endothelial activity was higher following fast heating compared to slow heating in both the forearm (11.855 vs . 4.828 mV 2 /Hz; P = 0.01) and leg (9.338 vs . 4.319 mV 2 /Hz; P = 0.011). In the skin of the forearm compared to the leg, endothelial (11.855 vs . 9.338 mV 2 /Hz; P = 0.047), myogenic (1.6055 vs . 1.2305 mV 2 /Hz; P = 0.049), and sympathetic (9.126 vs . 5.526 mV 2 /Hz; P = 0.046) activity were higher for the fast heating protocol. These results confirm regional differences in the response to local heating and suggest that the increase in SkBF in response to rapid local heating at both the forearm and leg sites is due to increased endothelial and sympathetic activity. Support or Funding Information none
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".