Adropin Influences the Excitability of Neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adropin, a peptide hormone encoded by the Energy Homeostasis Associated ( Enho ) gene, has been observed to have metabolic roles in the periphery but unknown actions within the brain. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important autonomic control center required for regulating energy balance, and is therefore a potential target for centrally acting adropin. Three subpopulations of neurons exist within the PVN, each of which can be classified based on distinct electrophysiological fingerprints. These populations are the magnocellular (MNC) neurosecretory, parvocellular preautonomic (PA), and parvocellular neuroendocrine (NE) neurons. In the present study, we used whole‐cell current‐clamp techniques to examine the effects of adropin on the excitability of each subpopulation of neurons within the PVN of the rat. Bath application of 10 nM adropin to MNC PVN neurons (n=9) elicited responses in 100% of cells, with 78% depolarizing (mean: 5.9 ± 2.5 mV) and 22% hyperpolarizing (mean: −2.6 ± 0.4 mV). Adropin treatment to PA neurons (n=15) caused 53% to depolarize (mean: 5.1 ± 1.6 mV), 13% to hyperpolarize (mean: −10.4 ± 1.8 mV), and the remaining 34% showing no response. Finally, adropin caused responses in 57% of NE neurons (n=14), with 43% depolarizing (mean: 5.7 ± 2.6 mV) and 14% hyperpolarizing (mean: −3.7 ± 0.7 mV). These results suggest that central adropin may exert its physiological effects through actions on neurons in the PVN. Support or Funding Information Supported by: the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".