Effects of Building Height on the Sound Transmission in Cross-Laminated Timber Buildings—Vibration Reduction Index
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-rise wooden buildings are increasing in popularity, and they typically include cross-laminated timber in the structure. Taller buildings result in higher loads on the junctions lower down in the building, which are suggested in the literature to negatively affect the sound insulation. This study involved measurement of the vibration reduction index in four different CLT buildings, varying in height and junction details. A total of 12 junctions were measured at both high and low levels in the buildings. Among these, 10 junctions had resilient interlayers with different stiffnesses dependent on the designed quasi-permanent load, while 2 junctions lacked resilient interlayers. The results indicated that the vibration reduction index decreases lower down in the building mainly for the Wall–Wall path. The findings were consistent for all measured junctions above 400 Hz for the Wall–Wall path and for the majority of the measurements of the remaining frequency range, 400 Hz and below. The observed difference in the vibration reduction index could significantly impact the final result if a high-rise building has several flanking paths that affect the sound insulation between two apartments, and this needs to be considered during the design phase. Similar effects were shown for buildings both with and without resilient interlayers in the junctions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".