Nonreciprocal phase shifts in spatiotemporally varying materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Materials with spatiotemporally varying properties exhibit nonreciprocal wave propagation characteristics. Nonreciprocity is predominantly identified by a left-to-right (L-R) transmission amplitude that is different from the right-to-left (R-L) transmission amplitude; a significant difference in the transmitted amplitudes is often desirable in this context. We review nonreciprocal vibration transmission in discrete mechanical systems with spatiotemporally modulated elasticity. We discuss the importance of the transmitted phase in this context, specifically that the difference between the L-R and R-L transmitted phases can be the main contributor to breaking of reciprocity in short systems. We show that the formulation of the problem in terms of response envelopes provides a computationally efficient path for exploring the steady-state nonreciprocal transmission characteristics of spatiotemporally modulated materials. In particular, we use this technique to identify response regimes that are characterized by a nonreciprocal phase shift in transmitted vibrations while maintaining equal transmitted amplitudes or energies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".