Photon-dark photon conversion with multiple level crossings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dark photons can oscillate into Standard Model (SM) photons via kinetic mixing. The conversion probability depends sensitively on properties of the ambient background, such as the density and electromagnetic field strength, which cause the SM photon to acquire an in-medium effective mass. Resonances can enhance the conversion probability when there is a level-crossing between the dark photon and background-dependent SM photon states. In this work, we show that the widely used Landau-Zener (LZ) approximation breaks down when there are multiple level-crossings due to a nonmonotonic SM photon potential. Phase interference effects, especially when the dark photon mass is close to an extremum of the SM photon effective mass, can cause deviations from the LZ approximation at the level of a few orders of magnitude in the conversion probability. We present an analytic approximation that is valid in this regime and that can accurately predict the conversion probabilities in a wide range of astrophysical environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".