3D Assembly of Cryo(Bio)Printed Modular Units for Shelf‐Ready Scalable Tissue Fabrication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The human body relies on modular assembly for realizing its functions. Here the development of a bioinspired cryo(bio)printing‐based method is reported to fabricate shelf‐ready, storable modular scaffolds toward scalable tissue assembly. The mechanism lies in that the cryo(bio)printed modular scaffolds are first assembled into the final hierarchy in their frozen state, which can be subsequently bonded together into an integral piece by contacting each other at the interface during the melting and photocrosslinking processes. This method not only addresses the height limitation associated with the recently developed cryo(bio)printing technology by enabling scalable tissue fabrication through modular assembly, but also allows generating tissue constructs of same or dissimilar materials to fit defects of different scales and shapes, thus providing more precision treatment. Cellular evaluations on the cryobioprinted modular hydrogels validate cell viability, spreading, and differentiation following assembly. The chick ex ovo and rat subcutaneous implantation assays further confirm the potential of direct in vivo assembly using shelf‐ready cryobioprinted modular tissue constructs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".