Ad Hoc Syntax-Guided Program Reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Program reduction is a widely adopted, indispensable technique for debugging language implementations such as compilers and interpreters. Given a program 𝑃 and a bug triggered by 𝑃, a program reducer can produce a minimized program 𝑃∗ that is derived from 𝑃 and still triggers the same bug. Perses is one of the state-of-the-art program reducers. It leverages the syntax of 𝑃 to guide the reduction process for efficiency and effectiveness. It is language-agnostic as its reduction algorithm is independent of any language-specific syntax. Conceptually to support a new language, Perses only needs the context-free grammar 𝐺 of the language; in practice, it is not easy. One needs to first manually transform 𝐺 into a special grammar form PNF with a tool provided by Perses, second manually change the code base of Perses to integrate the new language, and lastly build a binary of Perses.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".