Compact Coradiator MIMO Antenna for Super Wideband Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a compact planar circular monopole antenna with a shared radiator for super wideband (SWB) applications compatible with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configurations. The novelty lies in the coradiator being a simple circular structure enhanced with stepped impedance feed. The antenna uses a partial ground with a stepped system designed over an RO3003 substrate, with an overall dimension of 29$\times$29$\times$0.8 mm$^3$. The antenna operates over a wideband from 4 to 50 GHz and beyond. The system works in dual polarization with a shared radiator and offers a peak gain value of 7.15 dBi with a high efficiency of 80%–97%. The proposed antenna provides stunning isolation between the dual orthogonal ports of the shared radiator. The diversity performance of the antenna in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC$<$0.002), multiplexing efficiency (ME$=$$-$3.111 dB), diversity gain (DG$>$9.995 dB), and mean effective gain (MEG$=$$-$3.01 dB) are also studied and analyzed. The designed structure is fabricated, and antenna parameters are measured. The proposed design meets the desired values, and measured parameters agree with the simulated ones, rendering the antenna a suitable candidate for SWB-MIMO applications. Combining the two standards would help breakthrough in wireless communication. With its wide bandwidth, the proposed design finds scope in Internet of Things (IoT), future 5G, and emerging 6G technologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".