Characterization of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Cells Coexpressing Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide produced almost exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus.MCH cells regulate many behaviours including feeding, sleep, stress, cognition, and maternal behaviour.There are also subpopulations of MCH cells that are neurochemically distinct, which could underlie the functional diversity of this cell type.Notably, about half of MCH cells coexpress cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART).CART influences many of the same behaviours as MCH, but these two peptides often act in opposition.For example, MCH promotes feeding and positive energy balance, but CART can be either orexigenic or anorexigenic.The unique roles of MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART-cells are not known, but these neurochemically distinct subpopulations could contribute to distinct behaviours.To help define their roles in MCH-related neuronal networks, we defined the neuroanatomical, electrical, and morphological properties of MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART-cells in male and female mice.First, we made spatial maps of the distribution of CART in MCH cells and found that MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART-cells were anatomically divided.Second, we analyzed the electrical activity and structure of each cell type and found differences in their excitability and response to stimulation.Third, we traced their dendritic structure and found that male MCH/CART+ were highly branched.These results highlight variations in the regulation of each MCH cell subtype and suggest that they could be implicated in different cellular networks.This work will help resolve the complexity of the MCH system by characterizing MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART-cells that could underpin the diverse functions of MCH neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".