A disengaging property of dopamine signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Dopamine regulates the frequency of motor actions, but it is unclear whether it similarly regulates the duration of discrete behaviors. Here, we show that dopamine signaling within the medial accumbens shell reinforces actions while simultaneously constraining their duration. When mice hold down a lever to continuously self-stimulate dopamine axons in the medial accumbens shell, hold-downs are rarely longer than 5 seconds, and higher stimulation frequencies elicit shorter, but more numerous, lever hold-downs. This disengaging property of medial accumbens shell dopamine also applies to consummatory behavior, as mice are quicker to both terminate and reinitiate bouts of licking paired with high frequency dopamine axon stimulation. Dopamine D1 receptors underpin this disengaging property of dopamine signaling, as we demonstrate a D1 agonist shortens both self-stimulation hold-downs and bouts of consummatory behavior. Altogether, we uncover an anatomically defined role of dopamine, which is to disengage its own reinforcing properties through D1 receptor signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".