Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Pain in Young Adults with COVID-19: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study from Lanzarote (Canary Island, Spain)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Musculoskeletal pain during active Covid-19 infection is a very common symptom in this patient group. Given the lack of studies characterizing pain in young adults with this disease, we set out to identify and characterize musculoskeletal pain in subadults with COVID-19 disease in Lanzarote. Objective: Determine the prevalence and characteristics of musculoskeletal pain in young individuals affected by COVID-19 in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence observational study was carried out in the Covid-19 Monitoring Unit in Lanzarote between February 2022 and March 2022 which were a) males and females, b) aged 18 to 22 years old, c) with confirmed Covid-19 tests and d) no gender restrictions. Results: A total of 150 patients were recruited and an ad hoc telephone questionnaire based on the Spanish version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire was administered. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 58% (n=87; men 41 (48.2%); women 46 (51.8%) and its intensity was 4.63 (1.23) Regarding the location of perceived pain, the common anatomical sites of symptoms presentation were right shoulder (n=14, 21.5%), right knee (n=13, 20%) and right leg (n=12, 18.5%). Participants also reported heaviness (23.0%, n=20), numbness (20.7%, n=18) and/or stiffness (17.2%, n=15) followed by thermal changes such as cold (21.2%, n=18), highlighting the presence of stiffness in 43.4% (n=36). On the other hand, 17.2% (n=15) of the respondents reported pain described as fixed, internal, deep compared to 14.9% (n=13) who perceived it as diffuse, fixed, internal and profound. Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 58.0% in a sample of young people exposed to COVID-19 in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain). Furthermore, respondents generally defined it as an acute attack of low to moderate intensity in various parts of the upper and lower extremities, often accompanied by feelings of tiredness or muscle fatigue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".