An Open-Loop VCO-ADC Based on a Linearized Current Control Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief presents an open-loop current-controlled oscillator (CCO)-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) intended for ultralow power direct digitizing micro-sensors readout applications. The proposed highly linearized pseudo-differential <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${G}_{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-stage mitigates the harmonic distortions induced by the tune circuit to the nonlinear transfer characteristic of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and it improves the total SNDR considerably. The ADC is implemented in 180-nm CMOS and achieves a peak SFDR of 81.48 dB, THD of −76.8 dB, and SNDR of 70.9 dB (equivalent to 11.48 ENOB) over a 3.6 kHz bandwidth with a 110 mVPP input differential sinewave. A chopper is used for the input transconductance stage to mitigate the input-referred noise and its impact on output phase noise. The ADC consumes <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20.3 \mu {\text {W}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1-V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".