Impact Of Spinal Cord Injury On Sleep: Current Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abdulghani Sankari,1,2 M Safwan Badr,1,2 Jennifer L Martin,3,4 Najib T Ayas,5 David J Berlowitz6–8 1Department of Internal Medicine, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; 3Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA; 4Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 5Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 6Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 7Department of Physiotherapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; 8Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, AustraliaCorrespondence: Abdulghani SankariDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 3990 John R, 3-Hudson, Detroit, MI 48201, USATel +1 (313) 745-6033Fax +1 (313) 745-8725Email asankari@wayne.eduAbstract: Sleep disorders are commonly encountered in people living with spinal cord injury (SCI). Primary sleep disorders such as sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), sleep-related movement disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and insomnia disorder are common conditions after SCI but remain under-recognized, underdiagnosed and therefore remain untreated for a majority of patients. Sleep disturbances in people living with SCI are associated with significant impairments of daytime function and quality of life. Previous reviews have described findings related mainly to SDB but have not examined the relationship between other sleep disorders and SCI. This narrative review examines various sleep abnormalities and related functional and physical impairments in people living with SCI. It discusses new evidence pertaining to management, highlights existing limitations in the literature and recommends future directions for research.Keywords: SCI, sleep-disordered breathing, leg movements, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnia
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".