Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background This ongoing cross-sectional study aims to examine the potential association between moderate-to-severe sleep apnea and severe cardiovascular dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods This cross-sectional study included participants who were newly diagnosed with sleep apnea using a home-based/hospital unattended sleep screening test that quantifies the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Episodes of AD were defined as a sudden increase in systolic blood pressure (BP) of at least 20 mmHg. We exclude episodes of AD during sleep that were caused by triggers other than apnea or hypopnea. Participants This study included English-speaking adults with subacute or chronic (≥1 month after SCI onset), cervical or high-thoracic (T6 or more cranial), complete or incomplete SCI, who reported clinical symptoms and/or signs suggestive of sleep apnea. Results This study included 45 individuals (14 females and 31 males; age range: 20 to 84 years, mean age: 57.0 years) with motor complete (n=22) or incomplete SCI at cervical (n=38) or high thoracic levels. Time since SCI varied from 1.5 months to 52 years. Their mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 16.0 events/hour (AHI range: 0.8 to 51.7 events/hour). Higher AHI was significantly correlated with more frequent silent episodes of AD (Rsqr=0.220, p=0.001) during sleep. The AHI was not associated with systolic BP (p=0.903), diastolic BP (p=0.639), mean arterial pressure (p=0.714), and heart rate (p=0.669) during sleep. Conclusions The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that more severe sleep apnea is associated with frequent silent episodes of AD during sleep among individuals living with cervical or high-thoracic SCI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.946 | 0.808 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".