The Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Butyrate Supplementation on the Expression of Circadian-Clock Genes and Sleep Quality in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Emerging evidence suggests that administering short-chain fatty acids-butyrate could be effective in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in the regulation of circadian-clock genes, an area of focus in the etiology of IBD. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate supplementation on the expression of circadian-clock genes, inflammation, sleep and life quality in active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Methods: In the current randomized controlled trial, 36 active UC patients were randomly divided to receive sodium butyrate (600 mg/kg) or placebo for 12-weeks. Before enrolling the first participant, the study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (reference number: IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1400.037) in October 2021, it was registered on IRCT.ir with the registration number IRCT20211214053401N1 on January 1st, 2022. We assessed the expression of circadian clock genes (CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, BMAl1 and CLOCK) by real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in blood as well as faecal calprotectin and serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELIZA). Moreover, the sleep quality and IBD quality of life (QoL) were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire-9 (IBDQ-9) respectively before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that butyrate supplementation in comparison with placebo significantly upregulated the fold change expression of CRY1 (2.22 (1.59) vs. 0.63 (0.49), p-value < 0.001), CRY2 (2.15 (1.26) vs. 0.93 (0.80), p-value= 0.001), PER1 (1.86 (1.77) vs. 0.65 (0.48), p-value= 0.005), BMAL1 (1.85 (0.97) vs. 0.86 (0.63), p-value= 0.003) and decreased the level of calprotectin (-133.82 (155.62) vs. 51.58 (95.57), p-value <0.001) and hs-CRP (-0.36 (-1.57, -0.05) vs. 0.48 (-0.09-4.77), p-value <0.001). Also, butyrate caused an improvement in the sleep quality (PSQI score: -2.94 (3.50) vs. 1.16 (3.61), p-value <0.001) and QoL (IBDQ-9: 17.00 (11.36) vs. -3.50 (6.87), p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Butyrate may be an effective adjunct treatment for active UC patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".