Ichnology of the Cenomanian Buda Formation, USA: assessing environmental and taphonomic controls on carbonate trace-fossil assemblages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Buda Formation is a coccolith-rich carbonate unit deposited in lagoonal waters of the Comanche Shelf during the early Cenomanian. This unit constitutes a long-lived hydrocarbon reservoir and an important regional marker in the Texas Gulf Coast Basin. Several sedimentological and stratigraphic studies have been carried out on this formation but debates regarding its depositional conditions persist. The Buda Formation is characterized by a high degree of bioturbation intensity; however, comprehensive ichnological analyses focused on elucidating its depositional conditions have not been performed yet. Here, we report the Buda Formation ichnofauna comprising twenty ichnotaxa and widely dominated by Thalassinoides isp. and Chondrites isp. The ichnological analysis allowed us to recognize nine ichnofabrics, which reflect changing palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental conditions during the deposition of this unit. In general, the different ichnofabric expressions throughout this formation reflect fluctuating levels of exchange of waters between the Buda lagoon and the open sea, based on the inherent changes in physicochemical parameters, such as oxygenation levels and salinity. In addition, the concept of taphonomic pathways is underscored for accuracy in palaeoecological reconstructions, as well as the need for integrating diagenetic processes, particularly when applying this concept to carbonate rocks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".