Believability of messaging concerning a hypothetical product standard to lower a constituent in cigarettes or smokeless tobacco among U.S. Adults who use tobacco
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority to implement tobacco product standards to reduce harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs). This study examines people who use tobacco products' awareness of FDA's tobacco regulatory authority, knowledge of HPHCs, and belief in hypothetical tobacco product standard statements. We recruited adults who reported currently using tobacco (N = 1,592) from the National Panel of Tobacco Consumer Studies and randomized them to one of four conditions. Participants viewed a stimulus which consisted of a statement about a hypothetical product standard that would reduce the level of a chemical in cigarettes or smokeless tobacco (ST) and reduce cases of cancer or heart attack and stroke. A small majority of participants correctly believed that FDA regulates tobacco; however, the percentage of participants who recognized HPHCs varied widely depending upon the chemical. People who currently use ST found chemical and health statements more believable than people who did not currently use ST. Participants found it more believable that cigarettes, not ST, could be made with fewer harm-causing chemicals, and their belief in the chemical and health statements did not differ based on the health outcome specified in the hypothetical product standard statement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".