Densification-crystallization behavior of biodegradable copper-doped modified 45S5 glasses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the current work, modified 45S5 glasses containing different amounts of copper oxide (1, 3, and 5 weight ratios) were prepared using melting procedure and characterized for their physical properties after sintering at various temperatures. Characterization of the copper doped glasses was performed using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. To this purpose, a systematic study was conducted on densification-crystallization of the copper doped glasses and optimizing sintering temperature. Differential thermal analysis revealed weak exothermic peaks located above 800 °C, corresponding to the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the studied glasses. This analysis suggests that copper oxide has a limited effect on the thermal properties of the modified 45S5 glasses. Densification behavior of glass specimens was studied at temperatures ranging from 600 to 850 °C. The optimal densification temperature was found to be 650 °C, respectively. The results indicated that the presence of copper ions in the structure of studied glasses results in the formation of porous structures after sintering. It seems that copper ions generate oxygen gas during sintering and promote the formation of a cellular foam structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".