A multi-resolution and multiphase mesh-free particle method for tsunamiwaves generated from transitional landslides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Transitional landslides refer to gravity-driven slides of granular materials that transition from a dry sub-aerial condition to being fully submerged in a liquid, such as water. These landslides generate high-amplitude impulsive waves that have the potential to propagate long distances offshore and shoreward, causing widespread devastation, as reported in numerous studies. As such, it is essential to understand the complex multiphysics phenomena underlying these events to develop better emergency response and preparedness plans, especially given the potential for future landslides. Classical numerical methods face significant challenges in accurately and efficiently modeling these phenomena. However, mesh-free Lagrangian (particle) numerical methods are capable of dealing with highly dynamic flows with substantial interfacial deformation and fragmentation. In this study, we present a novel multi-resolution particle method based on weakly compressible moving particle (WC-MPS) formulation to model transitional landslides. Our multiphase approach captures the landslide’s dynamic, its interaction with the fluid domain, and wave generation/propagation. We solve the Navier-Stokes equation for both the water continuum, a Newtonian fluid, and the granular continuum, a non-Newtonian material, using a conservative discretization form of governing equation along with dynamic particle collision (DPC) for particle regularization. As the fluid and granular materials require different length scales to ensure their accuracies, we adopt a phase-dependent multi-resolution technique (MR-WC-MPS) to better represent complex multi-scale physics. We compare the multi-scale conceptualization with the common single-phase particle resolution and assess the influence of different scale factors on the accuracy of the generated waves. Our comparative study shows that MRWC-MPS numerical results agree well with experiments. Moreover, the MR-WC-MPS requires fewer particles than a single-resolution model, making it a promising Lagrangian method for large multiscale problems, given its coupling with polygon boundary models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".