Injection into a viscoplastic medium : an experimental study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jets and microjets play multiple roles in various engineering applications and numerous natural phenomena. In the current research, we conducted experimental investigations to deepen our understanding of the fundamental aspects of microjet injection into viscoplastic media and the transition from jet to microjet. Specifically, we have explored the influence of the injection velocity, nozzle diameter, and ambient fluid properties on the laminar length (i.e., the length of the stable region of the jet after injection from the nozzle) and penetration depth (i.e., the maximum depth into the ambient fluid that the jet fluid can spread in the axial direction) of the jets and microjets. In order to more fully grasp the fluid dynamics, we have identified and analyzed the governing dimensionless parameters, including the Reynolds and Bingham numbers. Our findings reveal that the laminar length and the penetration depth are a function of both the Reynolds and Bingham numbers. Also, an increase in the Reynolds number leads to a corresponding increase in the penetration depth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".