Investigation of Zro2/Sio2 photonic crystal optical filter with gradedrefraction indices in thermophotovoltaic systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) systems convert radiant heat into electric power. TPV has many applications including uninterruptable power supplies, self-powered heating devices and power generation in space. Recently, the important role of TPV in transitioning to clean energy has been recognized, as research has increasingly been directed toward the application of TPV systems for industrial waste heat recovery, solar thermophotovoltaics, and thermal energy grid storage. The main components in a TPV system are the photovoltaic (PV) cell and the emitter. The emitter is at a high temperature in the range of ~1000 K to 2500 K. Radiation from the emitter is incident onto a PV cell with a low band-gap. Incident photons that have an energy that is greater than the band-gap of the PV cell (referred to as in-band photons) can be converted to electric power. Incident photons with energy less than the band-gap of the PV cell (referred to as out-of-band photons) do not contribute to the electric power output. In a TPV system a filter that transmits in-band photons while reflecting out-of-band photons can be placed between the emitter and the PV cell to enhance its performance. The reflected out-of-band photons can be absorbed by the emitter such that their energy is "recycled". However, a challenge with filters presently used in TPV system is simultaneously achieving very high transmittance and reflectance over a broad spectral range for in-band and out-of-band filters, respectively. Herein the design and optimization of a ZrO2/SiO2 one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC) optical filter for TPV systems is investigated. A novel feature of the 1D-PC ZrO2/SiO2 filters investigated in this work is that they have a graded index of refraction profile at the interfaces between the layers within the filter, which increases their transmittance of in-band photons. COMSOL Multiphysics software and MATLAB are used to evaluate the transmittance and reflectance of the filters for different design configurations. Also, MATLAB is used to calculate the efficiency and output power density of the filters within a TPV system comprising a blackbody emitter and a GaSb PV cell. The results show that by stacking two ZrO2/SiO2 1D-PC filters with peak wavelength positions of 2050 nm and 3450 nm a TPV system efficiency of 26% and a power density of 8.3 W/cm 2 are achieved. These results show the ZrO2/SiO2 1D-PC filters studied in this work can be used in TPV systems to reduce their spectral losses and boost their performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".