Bibliographic record
Abstract
While the Reformed Church of Scotland worked hard to improve the moral standards of its number, parishioners navigated the kirk sessions (ecclesiastical courts) to advance their own personal interests, embracing and resisting moral reform with varying degrees of enthusiasm. At least such were the experiences of Margaret Ducatt, John Stewart, Alison Miller, and Janet Baxter of Trinity College parish in Edinburgh in 1638, who, variously, engaged in adultery, refused to repent, and attempted to procure an herbal remedy to terminate a suspected pregnancy. This article examines a noteworthy case of adultery involving a number of individuals whose responses to discipline varied according to their age, gender, marital status, and social rank; in turn, each of these factors impacted their access to and expression of power. As Laura Gowing noted for early modern England, patriarchal society was reliant upon the marking out of distinctions, not just between men and women, but among women who expressed power over one another, and indeed, over their male contemporaries. By implementing a strict system of ecclesiastical discipline, the Church created an avenue for women to express power and resist overt authority. This article seeks to place the Trinity College case of adultery within wider discussions of patriarchy, power, and relationships.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".