Finite element analysis of bimorph piezoelectric actuators consideringthermopiezoelectricity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon in which an electric field is generated by a material when mechanical pressure is applied, or conversely, mechanical strain is produced when an electric field is applied. The application of piezoelectric actuators in smart structures is a rapidly developing field, especially in aerospace environments, and it has received significant attention in recent years. The performance of the actuators must be also ensured when large temperature variations are considered, which is the case particularly in aerospace environments and therefore, the theory of thermopiezoelectricity must be applied. Thermopiezoelectricity takes into account the thermal field in addition to the mechanical and electrical fields. Consequently, the coupling effects among these three fields must be considered, including the pyroelectric (electric potential change when temperature is applied) and electrocaloric (temperature change when electric field is applied) effects. This work considers a fully-coupled three field approach and implements a finite element code to examine how the coupling affects piezoelectric bending actuators. Specifically, this work generates both static and dynamic models to quantify the influence that the pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects exert on the positioning and dynamic performance of bimorph actuators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".