Neural control of the trunk during back extension and rotation inadolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis : preliminaryresults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformation of the spine consisting of lateral deviation and rotation of the vertebrae. It often occurs and develops in adolescence, which can have psychological and physiological consequences, or require spinal instrumentation surgery. The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is poorly known, but is recognized as multifactorial, involving sensory and motor alterations. We studied the neuromuscular control and symmetry of the back muscles in adolescents with or without AIS during the production of forces to perform an extension or a rotation of the trunk. Leaning against a structure comprising a cushion, a waist belt and a force transducer, participants performed a trunk extension to control the amplitude and direction of an arrow appearing on a screen monitor at ~1.5m in front of them. During data collection, the participants performed a trunk extension to reach and stay within targets representing 15% of the force produced during maximal voluntary contractions. We estimated and compared coherence and phase measurements between electromyographic signals from the longissimus muscles from the lumbar and thoracic regions (intermuscular, right versus left) and within each muscle (intramuscular, thoracolumbar). These measurements are indicators of motor neurons synchrony, providing information on the functioning of the sensorimotor loop on both sides and at different levels of the spine. We present the preliminary results of this study (SIA group, n = 17 F, 5 M; group without SIA: n = 3 F, 3 M). We observed that adolescents with AIS show decreased and asymmetric coupling in the alpha and beta frequency bands, as well as more variable phase in the alpha frequency bands compared to age and sex-matched adolescents without AIS. The alpha and beta intermuscular coherences reflect spinal and cortical mechanisms, respectively. Our findings, although preliminary, may reveal impaired neural control of axial muscles related to AIS. Monitoring the evolution of AIS in the months following our measurements will reveal whether the observed alterations represent a marker of the risk of the progression of the spine deformation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".