RANS simulation and validation of self propulsion test of a bulkcarrier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents numerical simulations of bare-hull resistance, open-water propeller performance, and self-propulsion of a PANAMAX bulk carrier model with a four-bladed fixed-pitch propeller using the RANS solver in the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package OpenFOAM. The computational domains were generated using Star CCM+ and converted to OpenFOAM format using the ccm26ToFoam utility, except for the self-propulsion study, which was generated using the snappyHexMesh utility in OpenFOAM. Then the numerical results were compared with the available experimental data. The unsteady simulations were run in OpenFOAM and Star CCM+ for the bare hull at F n = 0.178 in order to compare the trim, sinkage, and free surface elevation. Secondly, the open-water hydrodynamic characteristics of the propeller were simulated with the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) and compared with the simulation results using Star CCM+. The OpenFOAM results for the resistance and open-water curve agree quite well with the StarCCM+ solutions and the experimental data. In addition, the predicted trim angles by OpenFOAM and StarCCM+ are very close, however, large discrepancies were found in trim and sinkage in comparison with experimental data. As a result, uncertainty analysis must be performed to understand the source of these discrepancies in the next stage of the study. Finally, a steady-state self-propulsion simulation was conducted for one rotational speed. It was observed that the predicted thrust and total resistance were very close, indicating the self-propulsion point.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".