Thermodynamic paths along streamlines of a single-phase transcritical CO2vortex tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube is at the center of a renewed interest as a robust expansion device and a useful energy supply for transcritical CO2 vapor compression systems. This paper gives insights into thermodynamic paths along streamlines in a transcritical CO2 vortex tube employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A pressure-based coupled solver along with a low-Reynolds number turbulence model and the Span-Wagner equation of state constitutes the present numerical framework. Transcritical expansions are carried out at several cold mass fractions and both outer and inner vortex flow streamlines are tracked in the pressure-specific volume and pressurespecific enthalpy diagrams. The results confirm that the transcritical CO2 vortex tube is the seat of energy and temperature separations but they are inverted. A correlation between the flow transcriticality and vortex tube temperature and energy separation inversions is observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".