Accelerated zero stress aging of glass, carbon, and basalt fibers-strength reduction explained by chemical and morphological analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Applications of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have rapidly increased, specifically for structural applications in marine, offshore, and oil & gas industries. Understanding and predicting the extent of material property deterioration in water is of interest due to the uncertainty of the material interaction with the environment and integrity of such structures. Environmental endurance becomes a limiting factor in using composites for structural applications. While thermosetting matrices offer excellent resistance to water, moisture exposure may be a limiting factor in some thermoplastic composites. Moisture may therefore have a significant impact on the reinforcing elements and the rate of degradation. This effect becomes important with the aid of temperature as degradation accelerates. Therefore, the presented study investigates the effect of hydrothermal aging on glass, carbon, and basalt fibers with thermoplastic-compatible sizing. Mechanical testing was done to investigate the strength loss, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy was employed to understand the reactions leading to degradation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".