Nanoscale investigation on the effect of projectile spinning duringhigh-velocity and hyper-velocity impacts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical modelling of high-velocity and hyper-velocity impacts at macroscale has attracted much attention, especially due to its wide variety of applications from armored vehicles to reinforced buildings.However, few works were dedicated to investigating these impacts at nanoscale that might be because of the complexity of interatomic potentials required in these applications.Due to lacking nanoscale knowledge, some of the aspects of failure mechanisms at macroscale have not been fully understood yet.Therefore, this work aims at shedding light into the localized failure caused by high-velocity and hyper-velocity impacts from the atomistic point of view.The impact between a spherical projectile and a plate (both made of Aluminium) was modelled using molecular dynamics approaches.The projectile, with a diameter of 5 nm, was given an initial velocity in the range of 0.5-10 km/s, impacting the fixed 300300 nm 2 plate with a thickness of 5 nm.We first investigated the residual velocity of the projectile and the temperature rise in the plate.It was shown that depending on the initial kinetic energy of the projectile, a crater might be created inside the plate.In addition, the temperature rise is in the order of thousand Kelvins, which emphasizes thermal effects during impacts in these velocity regimes.Analyzing the shape of debris cloud, created by the materials released from the plate after the impact, also shows various patterns corresponding to different initial velocities.Furthermore, the projectiles can experience angular velocities before impact as a result of asymmetric geometries or initial rotations caused by the release source.To account for a more comprehensive model, the second step focuses on adding a spin component to the projectile to investigate its effect on the projectile's ability to penetrate the plate.For both cases, the amount of absorbed energy by the plate will be probed to measure the resistance of the plates against impacts.The results obtained will help us to fundamentally understand energy transfer during these impacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".