Spatial and functional control of extrusion head for additivemanufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced polymer composites using 6-axisrobotic arm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper addresses the challenges of additive manufacturing (AM) of continuous fibres on non-planar surfaces using 6-axis robotic arms. Two ABB IRB 1200 robots (controlled by an IRC5 controller) are utilized with a customdesigned material extrusion head that is controlled by Duet 3 Main Board. For toolpath planning, a workflow is developed in Grasshopper. The developed toolpath planning interface generates G-code for fibre extrusion lengths and other processdriven functions. Simultaneously, RAPID code is generated for robot movements. Synchronization between the robot movements and the material extrusion head is achieved by integrating G-code lines in the RAPID code. A user-friendly application programming interface (API) was developed inhouse to manage communication signals between the robot and material extrusion head controller. The working system is demonstrated by depositing curves of continuous fibre on planar and non-planar (doubly curved) surfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".