A High-Accuracy Deep Back-Projection CNN-Based Propagation Model for Tunnels
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter proposes a high-accuracy deep back-projection convolutional neural network (DBPCNN)-based propagation model for radio wave prediction in long guiding structures such as tunnels. The model integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with deterministic models to accelerate channel simulations by leveraging coarse-mesh received signal strength (RSS) data. An error compensation mechanism is introduced using the optimization-based iterative back-projection (IBP) algorithm, enhancing prediction accuracy and efficiency. The proposed model achieves accurate predictions of fine-mesh RSS with a large scale factor and demonstrates excellent generalization across various tunnel geometries. Extensive validation against numerical results and measurement campaigns in a real tunnel environment confirms the model's superior performance and potential practical utility.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it