A history and future of psychedelics: The case of the Canadian military
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted breakthrough therapy status to 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based partially on clinical trials with American Veterans. This drug, known popularly as ecstasy, generated better results for individuals suffering from PTSD than any other available therapies. Other trials focused on Veterans and those in active military service, alongside emerging studies with first responders, police officers, and people with complex trauma-based disorders. Although psychedelic drugs, especially psilocybin mushrooms and MDMA, are once again the subject of a variety of clinical trials that span beyond military medicine and PTSD, the connection between psychedelics and military health present particular challenges and opportunities when it comes to integrating psychedelics into the Canadian military health system. This article examines the history of psychedelics in Canada, underscoring the importance of how historical understandings of both military-based trauma and psychedelics influenced the reception of psychedelics as therapeutic options today.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".